Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
نویسنده
چکیده
Rainbow trout are classified as Oncorhynchus mykiss, and as such belong to the same genus as Pacific salmon, and to the family Salmonidae, which includes Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), various trout (Salvelinus sp.), Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and whitefish (Coregonus sp.). Rainbow trout are native to areas around the North Pacific Ocean, from southern California through Alaska, the Aleutians and the western Pacific areas of the Kamchatka Peninsula and Okhotska Sea drainages. Rainbow trout primarily inhabit fresh water, but in the eastern and western North Pacific anadromous stocks are found. These stocks follow a life cycle similar to that of Pacific salmon, in that they spend a part of their life in the ocean, but return to lakes and rivers for spawning and the fry and juvenile stages of their life history. Most strains of rainbow trout can adapt to life in sea water, once they reach the post-juvenile stage (c. 75–100 g), through a gradual increase in salinity of their rearing water. This is one of the qualities of rainbow trout that has led to their prominence as a farmed species of fish. Rainbow trout have been cultured for hundreds of years, and are the most widely farmed trout in the world. Rainbow trout can tolerate a wide range of water temperatures and other environmental variables, such as water quality, but they require highly oxygenated water and thrive in water temperatures of 13–18°C. They are a highly valued foodfish, and can be grown to have pigmented (red) or non-pigmented (white) flesh, depending upon their diet. In North America, Britain, Denmark, France and Italy, most trout farming occurs in fresh water, using flow-through water-supply systems. In Chile and Scandinavian countries, rainbow trout are grown in marine cages after an initial phase in fresh water. Diet formulations for rainbow trout grown in marine cages differ somewhat from those for trout grown in fresh water (Table 14.1). Global production of rainbow trout was 358,456 t in 1995, second only to Atlantic salmon among salmonids (Tacon, 1998). France, Chile, Denmark and Italy
منابع مشابه
Cold tolerance performance of westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and its potential role in influencing interspecific hybridization
Hybridization between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (Girard, 1856)) occurs commonly when rainbow trout are introduced into the range of westslope cutthroat trout. Typically, hybridization ismost common inwarmer, lower elevation habitats, butmuch less common in colder, higher elevation habitats. We assessed the tole...
متن کاملThe effects of the acetic acid “pain” test on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A critique on Newby and Stevens (2008)
(2008). The effects of the acetic acid " pain " test on feeding, swimming, and respiratory responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
متن کاملDiagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms for identifying westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi), Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
We describe 12 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays for use in species identification among rainbow and cutthroat trout: five of these loci have alleles unique to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), three unique to westslope cutthroat trout (O. clarkii lewisi) and four unique to Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. clarkii bouvieri). These diagnostic assays were identified using a...
متن کاملEffect of Chilling on Microbiological, Biochemical and Sensory Attributes of Whole Aquacultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)
Several species of fresh water fish including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are being farmed in India in order to meet the increasing demand for fresh fish. Among the fresh water fishes, rainbow trout is farmed in many parts of India. Worldwide, farmed trout production is increasing. The demand for trout in...
متن کاملDifferences in metabolic response to Loma salmonae infection in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis.
Routine and post-exercise metabolic rates were measured for juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis infected with the microsporidium gill parasite Loma salmonae under laboratory conditions. Rainbow trout increased routine and post-exercise metabolic rate in response to infection compared with controls. Brook trout, on the other hand, lowered routine meta...
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